This book is part of the Series in Metallurgy and Materials Science, was initiated during the Diamond Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals (IIM). The series comprises textbooks, monographs on select topics and proceedings of select international conferences organised by the IIM. This is the second textbook in the series. It is suitable for beginners in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology and is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students taking a course in nanoscience and nanotechnology. It provides an introduction to the terminology and historical perspectives, discusses the effects of size and the unique properties of nanomaterials and describes the advances in methods of synthesis, consolidation and characterization techniques. The applications of nanoscience and technology and emerging materials and technologies are also presented in the book.